{ "format_version": 3, "policy": { "external_id": "e0a8f1f0f08e9dbde01bb6507b95152b", "name": "CIS Debian Linux 13 Benchmark v1.0.0 - Level 1 Server", "version": "1.0.8", "description": "Center for Internet Security benchmark — Level 1 server hardening for Debian Linux 13 (and apt/dpkg-based Debian derivatives — Devuan, Kali, etc.). Generated from CIS_Debian_Linux_13_Benchmark_v1.0.0.pdf.", "author": "Center for Internet Security" }, "tests": [ { "external_id": "aef180943a0878fa3f9d1b19467ca9ef", "name": "1.1.1.1 — Ensure cramfs kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure cramfs kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the cramfs kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the cramfs kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r cramfs 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod cramfs 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the cramfs kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install cramfs /bin/false in the \n/etc/modprobe.d/ directory. \nExample: \n# printf '%s\\n' \"\" \"install cramfs /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-\ncramfs.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist cramfs in the /et...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^cramfs ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "310cd6ec5a515b985a4741284f132684", "name": "1.1.1.3 — Ensure hfs kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure hfs kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the hfs kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the hfs kernel module: \n\nmodprobe -r hfs 2>/dev/null \nrmmod hfs 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the hfs kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install hfs /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ \ndirectory. \nExample: \n# printf '%s\\n' \"\" \"install hfs /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-hfs.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist hfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory. \nExampl...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^hfs ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "c4b92b8730e552e4023d3e12c00783af", "name": "1.1.1.4 — Ensure hfsplus kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure hfsplus kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the hfsplus kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the hfsplus kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r hfsplus 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod hfsplus 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the hfsplus kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install hfsplus /bin/false in the \n/etc/modprobe.d/ directory. \nExample: \n# printf '%s\\n' \"\" \"install hfsplus /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-\nhfsplus.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist hfsplus i...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^hfsplus ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "49f6cf2e39a026a5887af54a01c8c701", "name": "1.1.1.5 — Ensure jffs2 kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure jffs2 kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the jffs2 kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the jffs2 kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r jffs2 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod jffs2 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the jffs2 kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install jffs2 /bin/false in the \n/etc/modprobe.d/ directory. \nExample: \n# printf '%s\\n' \"\" \"install jffs2 /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-\njffs2.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist jffs2 in the /etc/modprob...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^jffs2 ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "ded3582e0ab7a29a282bc1fb2e7e584e", "name": "1.1.1.8 — Ensure udf kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure udf kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the udf kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the udf kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r udf 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod udf 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the udf kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install udf /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ \ndirectory \nExample: \n# printf '%s\\n' \"\" \"install udf /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-udf.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist udf in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory \nExam...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^udf ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "c8a2a12960d8a44d39a69ae21a6ea7ca", "name": "1.1.2.1.1 — Ensure /tmp is tmpfs or a separate partition", "description": "Ensure /tmp is tmpfs or a separate partition", "rational": "Making /tmp its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options \nsuch as the noexec option on the mount, making /tmp useless for an attacker to install \nexecutable code. It would also prevent an attacker from establishing a hard link to a \nsystem setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, \nthe hard link would be broken, and the attacker w...", "remediation": "First ensure that systemd is correctly configured to ensure that /tmp will be mounted at \nboot time. \n# systemctl unmask tmp.mount \nFor specific configuration requirements of the /tmp mount for your environment, modify \n/etc/fstab. \nExample of using tmpfs with specific mount options: \ntmpfs /tmp \n0 \nNote: the size=2G is an example of setting a specific size for tmpfs. \nExample of using a volume or disk with specific mount options. The source location of \nthe volume or disk will vary dependin...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "SERVICE", "input": "tmp.mount", "selement": "ENABLED", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "4eb3060bcd25f856c7dbacf2dc130643", "name": "1.1.2.1.2 — Ensure nodev option set on /tmp partition", "description": "Ensure nodev option set on /tmp partition", "rational": "Since the /tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure \nthat users cannot create a block or character special devices in /tmp.", "remediation": "- IF - a separate partition exists for /tmp. \nEdit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the \n/tmp partition. \nExample: \n /tmp defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 \nRun the following command to remount /tmp with the configured options: \n# mount -o remount /tmp", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "findmnt -kn /tmp", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "nodev" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "90ae7cafe9156e0e8eb4aff4c78a48a9", "name": "1.1.2.1.3 — Ensure nosuid option set on /tmp partition", "description": "Ensure nosuid option set on /tmp partition", "rational": "Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to \nensure that users cannot create setuid files in /tmp.", "remediation": "- IF - a separate partition exists for /tmp. \nEdit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the \n/tmp partition. \nExample: \n /tmp defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 \nRun the following command to remount /tmp with the configured options: \n# mount -o remount /tmp", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "findmnt -kn /tmp", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "nosuid" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "10fba8f4458cd2f82c9825872587ca11", "name": "1.1.2.1.4 — Ensure noexec option set on /tmp partition", "description": "Ensure noexec option set on /tmp partition", "rational": "Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to \nensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /tmp.", "remediation": "- IF - a separate partition exists for /tmp. \nEdit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the \n/tmp partition. \nExample: \n /tmp defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 \nRun the following command to remount /tmp with the configured options: \n# mount -o remount /tmp \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 71", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "findmnt -kn /tmp", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "noexec" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "d072abd33d705031aae71129d4fca7f4", "name": "1.1.2.3.2 — Ensure nodev option set on /home partition", "description": "Ensure nodev option set on /home partition", "rational": "Since the /home filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure \nthat users cannot create a block or character special devices in /home.", "remediation": "- IF - a separate partition exists for /home. \nEdit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the \n/home partition. \nExample: \n /home defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 \nRun the following command to remount /home with the configured options: \n# mount -o remount /home", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "findmnt -kn /home", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "nodev" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "4240e58d7f80066e1c6eb3517696b9bf", "name": "1.1.2.3.3 — Ensure nosuid option set on /home partition", "description": "Ensure nosuid option set on /home partition", "rational": "Since the /home filesystem is only intended for user file storage, set this option to \nensure that users cannot create setuid files in /home.", "remediation": "- IF - a separate partition exists for /home. \nEdit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the \n/home partition. \nExample: \n /home defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 \nRun the following command to remount /home with the configured options: \n# mount -o remount /home", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "findmnt -kn /home", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "nosuid" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "85e70bbc9e1c3b071ff3715817b9eaee", "name": "1.1.2.4.2 — Ensure nodev option set on /var partition", "description": "Ensure nodev option set on /var partition", "rational": "Since the /var filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure \nthat users cannot create a block or character special devices in /var.", "remediation": "- IF - a separate partition exists for /var. \nEdit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the \n/var partition. \nExample: \n /var defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 \nRun the following command to remount /var with the configured options: \n# mount -o remount /var", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "findmnt -kn /var", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "nodev" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "12e0ec28731d610c726b82e864f538b7", "name": "1.1.2.4.3 — Ensure nosuid option set on /var partition", "description": "Ensure nosuid option set on /var partition", "rational": "Since the /var filesystem is only intended for variable files such as logs, set this option \nto ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /var.", "remediation": "- IF - a separate partition exists for /var. \nEdit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the \n/var partition. \nExample: \n /var defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 \nRun the following command to remount /var with the configured options: \n# mount -o remount /var", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "findmnt -kn /var", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "nosuid" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "e77a4e89b697bc57ff56bd92ce33c487", "name": "1.1.2.6.1 — Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log", "description": "Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log", "rational": "The default installation only creates a single / partition. Since the /var/log directory \ncontains log files which can grow quite large, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. It \nwill essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact the system as a whole. \nConfiguring /var/log as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional \nmount options such as noexec/nosuid/...", "remediation": "For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a \nseparate partition for /var/log . \nFor systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure \n/etc/fstab as appropriate. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 106", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "findmnt -kn /var/log", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a91ae122c9900cec511201ec3610928e", "name": "1.2.1.2 — Ensure weak dependencies are configured", "description": "Ensure weak dependencies are configured", "rational": "Unless a system specifically requires the additional capabilities provides by the weak \ndependencies, it is recommended that the packages are not installed to reduce the \npotential attack surface.", "remediation": "Create a file under /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/ to disable the installation of weak \ndependencies: \n# printf '%s\\n%s\\n' \"\" 'APT::Install-Recommends \"0\";' 'APT::Install-Suggests \n\"0\";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/60-no-weak-dependencies \nNote: All configuration files under /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/ are sorted in lexicographic \norder and where conflicting settings exist the last one will take precedence.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "/usr/bin/apt-config dump | /usr/bin/grep \"APT::Install-\"", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "b0c8a694fe6a7a33c7d5cb21a5704ee0", "name": "1.3.1.1 — Ensure apparmor packages are installed", "description": "Ensure apparmor packages are installed", "rational": "Without a Mandatory Access Control system installed only the default Discretionary \nAccess Control system will be available.", "remediation": "Run the following command to install apparmor and apparmor-utils: \n# apt install apparmor apparmor-utils", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "apparmor", "selement": "EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "b658dd6286b590f39dee6137a51e24eb", "name": "1.3.1.2 — Ensure AppArmor is enabled", "description": "Ensure AppArmor is enabled", "rational": "AppArmor is a security mechanism and disabling it is not recommended.", "remediation": "Edit /etc/default/grub of file in /etc/default/grub.d and remove the apparmor=0 \nparameters to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX= line \nRun the following commands to update the grub2 configuration and reboot the system: \n# update-grub \n# reboot", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep \"^\\s*linux\" /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep \"apparmor=0\"", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "05b3fa740917d53c4242de0e4271234c", "name": "1.3.1.3 — Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are enforcing", "description": "Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are enforcing", "rational": "Security configuration requirements vary from site to site. Some sites may mandate a \npolicy that is stricter than the default policy, which is perfectly acceptable. This item is \nintended to ensure that any policies that exist on the system are activated.", "remediation": "Run the following command to set all profiles to enforce mode: \n# aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/* \nNote: Any unconfined processes may need to have a profile created or activated for \nthem and then be restarted", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "apparmor_status | grep profiles", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "3fcc218d79a80c6d5c24483b0e83b016", "name": "1.4.1 — Ensure bootloader password is set", "description": "Ensure bootloader password is set", "rational": "Requiring a boot password upon execution of the boot loader will prevent an \nunauthorized user from entering boot parameters or changing the boot partition. This \nprevents users from weakening security (e.g. turning off AppArmor at boot time).", "remediation": "Create an encrypted password with grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2: \n# grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 --iteration-count=600000 --salt=64 \n\nEnter password: \nReenter password: \nPBKDF2 hash of your password is \nAdd the following into a custom /etc/grub.d configuration file: \nset superusers=\"\" \npassword_pbkdf2 \nThe superuser/user information and password should not be contained in the \n/etc/grub.d/00_header file as this file could be...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/boot/grub/grub.cfg", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "^set superusers" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "9ebbdbbc04e31d5eecfe4a1e1daec1df", "name": "1.5.1 — Ensure fs.protected_hardlinks is configured", "description": "Ensure fs.protected_hardlinks is configured", "rational": "Disallowing hardlinks mitigates vulnerabilities based on unsecure file systems accessed \nby privileged programs. This reduces the risk of an exploitation vector exploiting unsafe \nuse of open or creat.", "remediation": "1. Review all files being used by systemd-sysctl and comment out or remove all \nfs.protected_hardlinks lines that are not fs.protected_hardlinks=1. \n\nExample script: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n l_option=\"fs.protected_hardlinks\" l_value=\"1\" \n l_grep=\"${l_option//./(\\\\.|\\\\/)}\" a_files=() \n l_systemdsysctl=\"$(readlink -e /lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl \\ \n || readlink -e /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl)\" \n l_ufw_file=\"$([ -f /etc/default/ufw ] && \\ \n awk -F= '/^\\s*IPT_SYSCTL=/ {print $2}...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sysctl -n fs.protected_hardlinks", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "1" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "c85b57c1538901dab9c7091929353311", "name": "1.5.2 — Ensure fs.protected_symlinks is configured", "description": "Ensure fs.protected_symlinks is configured", "rational": "Disallowing symlinks mitigates vulnerabilities based on unsecure file systems accessed \nby privileged programs. This reduces the risk of an exploitation vector exploiting unsafe \nuse of open or creat.", "remediation": "1. Review all files being used by systemd-sysctl and comment out or remove all \nfs.protected_symlinks lines that are not fs.protected_symlinks=1. \n\nExample script: \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 166 \n\n \n\f#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n l_option=\"fs.protected_symlinks\" l_value=\"1\" \n l_grep=\"${l_option//./(\\\\.|\\\\/)}\" a_files=() \n l_systemdsysctl=\"$(readlink -e /lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl \\ \n || readlink -e /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl)\" \n l_ufw_file=\"$([ -f /etc/default/ufw ] && \\...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sysctl -n fs.protected_symlinks", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "1" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "958a358f1436779ec564801d63160fea", "name": "1.5.4 — Ensure fs.suid_dumpable is configured", "description": "Ensure fs.suid_dumpable is configured", "rational": "core dumps may contain sensitive in-memory data like password hashes or keys. An \nattacker could potentially exploit this to gain access to such data.", "remediation": "1. Review all files being used by systemd-sysctl and comment out or remove all \n\nfs.suid_dumpable lines that are not fs.suid_dumpable=0. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 174 \n\n \n\fExample script: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n l_option=\"fs.suid_dumpable\" l_value=\"0\" \n l_grep=\"${l_option//./(\\\\.|\\\\/)}\" a_files=() \n l_systemdsysctl=\"$(readlink -e /lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl \\ \n || readlink -e /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl)\" \n l_ufw_file=\"$([ -f /etc/default/ufw ] && \\ \n awk -F= '/^\\s*...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sysctl -n fs.suid_dumpable", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "8eb925f79ddb1c5068b4967af64be141", "name": "1.5.5 — Ensure kernel.dmesg_restrict is configured", "description": "Ensure kernel.dmesg_restrict is configured", "rational": "Restricting access to the kernel message buffer limits access to only root. This prevents \nattackers from gaining additional system information as a non-privileged user.", "remediation": "1. Review all files being used by systemd-sysctl and comment out or remove all \nkernel.dmesg_restrict lines that are not kernel.dmesg_restrict=1. \n\nExample script: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n l_option=\"kernel.dmesg_restrict\" l_value=\"1\" \n l_grep=\"${l_option//./(\\\\.|\\\\/)}\" a_files=() \n l_systemdsysctl=\"$(readlink -e /lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl \\ \n || readlink -e /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl)\" \n l_ufw_file=\"$([ -f /etc/default/ufw ] && \\ \n awk -F= '/^\\s*IPT_SYSCTL=/ {print $2}' /...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sysctl -n kernel.dmesg_restrict", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "1" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "d2164ca9c525be48859ff9963155cd5a", "name": "1.5.6 — Ensure prelink is not installed", "description": "Ensure prelink is not installed", "rational": "The prelinking feature can interfere with the operation of AIDE, because it changes \nbinaries. Prelinking can also increase the vulnerability of the system if a malicious user \nis able to compromise a common library such as libc.", "remediation": "Run the following command to restore binaries to normal: \n# prelink -ua \nUninstall prelink using the appropriate package manager or manual installation: \n# apt purge prelink", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "prelink", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "970d8ec938ae4c6edce08a1ed61c6867", "name": "1.5.7 — Ensure Automatic Error Reporting is configured", "description": "Ensure Automatic Error Reporting is configured", "rational": "Apport collects potentially sensitive data, such as core dumps, stack traces, and log \nfiles. They can contain passwords, credit card numbers, serial numbers, and other \nprivate material.", "remediation": "Edit /etc/default/apport and add or edit the enabled parameter to equal 0: \nenabled=0 \nRun the following commands to stop and mask the apport service \n# systemctl stop apport.service \n# systemctl mask apport.service \n- OR - \nRun the following command to remove the apport package: \n# apt purge apport", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "apport", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "1bad302662269cb663a19d5599e93e40", "name": "1.5.8 — Ensure kernel.kptr_restrict is configured", "description": "Ensure kernel.kptr_restrict is configured", "rational": "Masking the kernel symbols in /proc/kallsyms reduces the ability of an attacker using \nthem to learn more about what to attack on your system.", "remediation": "1. Review all files being used by systemd-sysctl and comment out or remove all \nkernel.kptr_restrict lines that are not kernel.kptr_restrict=1 or \nkernel.kptr_restrict=2. \n\nExample script: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n l_option=\"kernel.kptr_restrict\" l_value=\"(1|2)\" \n l_grep=\"${l_option//./(\\\\.|\\\\/)}\" a_files=() \n l_systemdsysctl=\"$(readlink -e /lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl \\ \n || readlink -e /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl)\" \n l_ufw_file=\"$([ -f /etc/default/ufw ] && \\ \n awk -F= '/^\\...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sysctl -n kernel.kptr_restrict", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "2" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "02ce81eec6e3d9ff44a83daeea28fb65", "name": "1.5.11 — Ensure core file size is configured", "description": "Ensure core file size is configured", "rational": "Setting a hard limit on core dumps prevents users from overriding the soft variable. \nA core dump includes a memory image taken at the time the operating system \nterminates an application. The memory image could contain sensitive data and is \ngenerally useful only for developers trying to debug problems.", "remediation": "1. Run the following command to comment out any entries that include a hard \n\nvalue for core greater than 0 in /etc/security/limits.conf and any file(s) in \nthe /etc/security/limits.d/ directory. \n\nExample: \n# sed -ri '/^\\s*[^#\\n\\r]+\\s+hard\\s+core\\s+([1-9][0-9]*)/s/^/# /' \n/etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.d/* \n\n2. Create or edit a file in /etc/security/limits.d/ and add the following line: \n\n* hard core 0 \nExample: \n# printf '%s\\n' \"\" \"* hard core 0\" >> /etc/security/limits.d...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/security/limits.conf", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "(?i)^[ \\t]*\\*[ \\t]+hard[ \\t]+core\\b" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "8d171b7dfdd78c8a09d7d6af01587f00", "name": "1.6.1 — Ensure /etc/motd is configured", "description": "Ensure /etc/motd is configured", "rational": "Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal \nstatus regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns \nthe system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level \ninformation in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system \ninformation to attackers attempting to target speci...", "remediation": "Edit the file found in /etc/motd.d/* with the appropriate contents according to your \nsite policy, remove any instances of \\m , \\r , \\s , \\v or references to the OS platform \n- OR - \n- IF - the motd is not used, this file can be removed. \nRun the following command to remove the motd file: \n# rm /etc/motd \nRun the following script and review and/or update all returned files' contents to: \n\n• Remove all system information (\\v, \\r; \\m, \\s) \n• Remove any refence to the operating system \n• Ensu...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "c3fbc0432bdba6d49527c3c417cc80fb", "name": "1.6.2 — Ensure /etc/issue is configured", "description": "Ensure /etc/issue is configured", "rational": "Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal \nstatus regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns \nthe system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level \ninformation in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system \ninformation to attackers attempting to target speci...", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/issue file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, \nremove any instances of \\m , \\r , \\s , \\v or references to the OS platform \nExample: \n# echo \"Authorized users only. All activity may be monitored and reported.\" > \n/etc/issue", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "cat /etc/issue", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "4f007e08b4f68cbcb156b1a91653cd37", "name": "1.6.3 — Ensure /etc/issue.net is configured", "description": "Ensure /etc/issue.net is configured", "rational": "Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal \nstatus regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns \nthe system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level \ninformation in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system \ninformation to attackers attempting to target speci...", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/issue.net file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, \nremove any instances of \\m , \\r , \\s , \\v or references to the OS platform \nExample: \n# echo \"Authorized users only. All activity may be monitored and reported.\" > \n/etc/issue.net", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "cat /etc/issue.net", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "736827ee42a820254bf7b3a232af9a4d", "name": "1.6.4 — Ensure access to /etc/motd is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/motd is configured", "rational": "- IF - the /etc/motd file does not have the correct access configured, it could be \nmodified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on /etc/motd: \n# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/motd) \n# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/motd) \n- OR - \nRun the following command to remove the /etc/motd file: \n# rm /etc/motd", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "[ -e /etc/motd ] && stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: { %g/", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "4be17336fb4dc8146017903cee718307", "name": "1.6.5 — Ensure access to /etc/issue is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/issue is configured", "rational": "- IF - the /etc/issue file does not have the correct access configured, it could be \nmodified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on /etc/issue: \n# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue) \n# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue)", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: { %g/ %G)' /etc/issue", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "c13926bd0154aa5fca45605fca87edfe", "name": "1.6.6 — Ensure access to /etc/issue.net is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/issue.net is configured", "rational": "- IF - the /etc/issue.net file does not have the correct access configured, it could be \nmodified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to set mode, owner, and group on /etc/issue.net: \n# chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net) \n# chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: { %g/ %G)' /etc/issue.net", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "ebd787e5a71904dd0fd67ad2bf7f46d6", "name": "1.7.2 — Ensure GDM login banner is configured", "description": "Ensure GDM login banner is configured", "rational": "Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal \nstatus regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns \nthe system and any monitoring policies that are in place.", "remediation": "- IF - A user profile is already created run the following commands to set and enable the \ntext banner message on the login screen: \n# gsettings set org.gnome.login-screen banner-message-text 'Authorized uses \nonly. All activity may be monitored and reported' \n# gsettings set org.gnome.login-screen banner-message-enable true \nNote: \n\n• banner-message-text may be set in accordance with local site policy \n• gsettings commands in this section MUST be done from a command window \n\non a graphical...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "gsettings get org.gnome.login-screen banner-message-enable", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a6375cacab1fd9b9e465cd648e6946e9", "name": "1.7.3 — Ensure GDM disable-user-list option is enabled", "description": "Ensure GDM disable-user-list option is enabled", "rational": "Displaying the user list eliminates half of the Userid/Password equation that an \nunauthorized person would need to log on.", "remediation": "- IF - A user profile exists run the following command to enable the disable-user-\nlist: \n# gsettings set org.gnome.login-screen disable-user-list true \nNote: \n\n• gsettings commands in this section MUST be done from a command window \n\non a graphical desktop or an error will be returned. \n\n• The system must be restarted after all gsettings configurations have been set \n\n• \n\nin order for CIS-CAT Assessor to appropriately assess. \nIf the dconf database is not updating correctly due to umask re...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "gsettings get org.gnome.login-screen disable-user-list", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "873321662e5b030a4d4a25e036c157d6", "name": "1.7.8 — Ensure GDM autorun-never is enabled", "description": "Ensure GDM autorun-never is enabled", "rational": "Malware on removable media may taking advantage of Autorun features when the \nmedia is inserted into a system and execute.", "remediation": "- IF - A user profile exists run the following command to set autorun-never to true for \nGDM users: \n# gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling autorun-never true \nNote: \n\n• gsettings commands in this section MUST be done from a command window \n\non a graphical desktop or an error will be returned. \n\n• The system must be restarted after all gsettings configurations have been set \n\n• \n\nin order for CIS-CAT Assessor to appropriately assess. \nIf the dconf database is not updating correctl...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.media-handling autorun-never", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "30debae9482e706c3bcf24727a45f9c1", "name": "1.7.9 — Ensure GDM autorun-never is not overridden", "description": "Ensure GDM autorun-never is not overridden", "rational": "Malware on removable media may taking advantage of Autorun features when the \nmedia is inserted into a system and execute. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 246", "remediation": "1. To prevent the user from overriding these settings, create the file \n\n/etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks/00-media-autorun with the following content: \n\n[org/gnome/desktop/media-handling] \nautorun-never=true \n\n2. Update the systems databases: \n\n# dconf update \nNote: \n\n• A user profile must exist in order to apply locks. \n• Users must log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "6dd69e384514d962c68f183e292086d5", "name": "1.7.10 — Ensure XDMCP is not enabled", "description": "Ensure XDMCP is not enabled", "rational": "XDMCP is inherently insecure. \n\n• XDMCP is not a ciphered protocol. This may allow an attacker to capture \n\nkeystrokes entered by a user \n\n• XDMCP is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. This may allow an attacker to \nsteal the credentials of legitimate users by impersonating the XDMCP server.", "remediation": "Edit all files returned by the audit and remove or commend out the Enable=true line in \nthe [xdmcp] block: \nExample file: \n# GDM configuration storage \n# \n# See /usr/share/gdm/gdm.schemas for a list of available options. \n\n[daemon] \n# Uncomment the line below to force the login screen to use Xorg \n#WaylandEnable=false \n\n# Enabling automatic login \n# AutomaticLoginEnable = true \n# AutomaticLogin = user1 \n\n# Enabling timed login \n# TimedLoginEnable = true \n# TimedLogin = user1 \n# TimedLogi...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "25e32b288b684a109b4e825d6bb13344", "name": "2.1.1 — Ensure autofs services are not in use", "description": "Ensure autofs services are not in use", "rational": "With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or \ndisc and have its contents available in the filesystem even if they lacked permissions to \nmount it themselves.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop autofs.service and remove the autofs \npackage: \n# systemctl stop autofs.service \n# apt purge autofs \n- OR - \n- IF - the autofs package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask autofs.service: \n# systemctl stop autofs.service \n# systemctl mask autofs.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "autofs", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "d479420910e9e36556972d6e2ec173bf", "name": "2.1.2 — Ensure avahi daemon services are not in use", "description": "Ensure avahi daemon services are not in use", "rational": "Automatic discovery of network services is not normally required for system \nfunctionality. It is recommended to remove this package to reduce the potential attack \nsurface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop avahi-daemon.socket and avahi-\ndaemon.service, and remove the avahi-daemon package: \n# systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service \n# apt purge avahi-daemon \n- OR - \n- IF - the avahi-daemon package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask the avahi-daemon.socket and avahi-\ndaemon.service: \n# systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service \n# systemctl mask avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "avahi-daemon", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "71c4d4ed40ebd0e7ce94bfc065ecf124", "name": "2.1.3 — Ensure dhcp server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure dhcp server services are not in use", "rational": "Unless a system is specifically set up to act as a DHCP server, it is recommended that \nthe kea package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop kea-dhcp-ddns-server.service kea-dhcp4-\nserver.service kea-dhcp6-server.service and remove kea package: \n# systemctl stop kea-dhcp-ddns-server.service kea-dhcp4-server.service kea-\ndhcp6-server.service \n# apt remove kea \n- OR - \n- IF - the kea package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask dhcpd.service and dhcpd6.service: \n# systemctl stop kea-dhcp-ddns-server.service kea-dhcp4-server.service kea-\ndhcp6-server.service \n# s...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": "all", "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "kea-dhcp4-server", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": null, "sinput": null }, { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "kea-dhcp6-server", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": null, "sinput": null }, { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "isc-dhcp-server", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "cdd1f8599c56cb8c06c9e29c917845b3", "name": "2.1.4 — Ensure dns server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure dns server services are not in use", "rational": "Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS server, it is recommended \nthat the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop named.service and remove the bind9 package: \n# systemctl stop named.service \n# apt purge bind9 \n- OR - \n- IF - the bind9 package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask bind9.service: \n# systemctl stop named.service \n# systemctl mask named.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "bind9", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "cff5025ef6461763d641d01927aae3c6", "name": "2.1.5 — Ensure dnsmasq services are not in use", "description": "Ensure dnsmasq services are not in use", "rational": "Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS caching, DNS forwarding \nand/or DHCP server, it is recommended that the package be removed to reduce the \npotential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop dnsmasq.service and remove dnsmasq package: \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 265 \n\n\f# systemctl stop dnsmasq.service \n# apt purge dnsmasq \n- OR - \n- IF - the dnsmasq package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask the dnsmasq.service: \n# systemctl stop dnsmasq.service \n# systemctl mask dnsmasq.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "dnsmasq", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "da80244b94c24bc679af1f6aa5643e5f", "name": "2.1.6 — Ensure ftp server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure ftp server services are not in use", "rational": "FTP does not protect the confidentiality of data or authentication credentials. It is \nrecommended SFTP be used if file transfer is required. Unless there is a need to run \nthe system as a FTP server (for example, to allow anonymous downloads), it is \nrecommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop vsftpd.service and remove the vsftpd \npackage: \n# systemctl stop vsftpd.service \n# apt purge vsftpd \n- OR - \n- IF - the vsftpd package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask the vsftpd.service: \n# systemctl stop vsftpd.service \n# systemctl mask vsftpd.service \nNote: Other ftp server packages may exist. If not required and authorized by local site \npolicy, they should also be removed. If the package is required for a depende...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "vsftpd", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "68382b8304dd102f3e55d1a73a8671e5", "name": "2.1.7 — Ensure ldap server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure ldap server services are not in use", "rational": "If the system will not need to act as an LDAP server, it is recommended that the \nsoftware be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop slapd.service and remove the slapd package: \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 269 \n\n\f# systemctl stop slapd.service \n# apt purge slapd \n- OR - \n- IF - the slapd package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask slapd.service: \n# systemctl stop slapd.service \n# systemctl mask slapd.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "slapd", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "8ec8c0c3f3312db70eab3329ff03ee21", "name": "2.1.10 — Ensure nis server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure nis server services are not in use", "rational": "ypserv.service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS \nattacks, buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS \ngenerally has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access \nProtocol (LDAP). It is recommended that ypserv.service be removed and other, more \nsecure services be used", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop ypserv.service and remove ypserv package: \n# systemctl stop ypserv.service \n# apt purge ypserv \n- OR - \n- IF - the ypserv package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask ypserv.service: \n# systemctl stop ypserv.service \n# systemctl mask ypserv.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "ypserv", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "96d9f9a634ddff8e305361bdfc49df17", "name": "2.1.11 — Ensure print server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure print server services are not in use", "rational": "If the system does not need to print jobs or accept print jobs from other systems, it is \nrecommended that CUPS be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop cups.socket and cups.service, and remove the \ncups package: \n# systemctl stop cups.socket cups.service \n# apt purge cups \n- OR - \n- IF - the cups package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask the cups.socket and cups.service: \n# systemctl stop cups.socket cups.service \n# systemctl mask cups.socket cups.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "cups", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "ca2634f1ae34f9810435e072195ad8a0", "name": "2.1.12 — Ensure rpcbind services are not in use", "description": "Ensure rpcbind services are not in use", "rational": "A small request (~82 bytes via UDP) sent to the Portmapper generates a large \nresponse (7x to 28x amplification), which makes it a suitable tool for DDoS attacks. If \nrpcbind is not required, it is recommended to remove rpcbind package to reduce the \npotential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop rpcbind.socket and rpcbind.service, and \nremove the rpcbind package: \n# systemctl stop rpcbind.socket rpcbind.service \n# apt purge rpcbind \n- OR - \n- IF - the rpcbind package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask the rpcbind.socket and \nrpcbind.service: \n# systemctl stop rpcbind.socket rpcbind.service \n# systemctl mask rpcbind.socket rpcbind.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "rpcbind", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a8b237ca427568d91b4ca50ce9fcec9c", "name": "2.1.13 — Ensure rsync services are not in use", "description": "Ensure rsync services are not in use", "rational": "rsync.service presents a security risk as the rsync protocol is unencrypted. \nThe rsync package should be removed to reduce the attack area of the system.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop rsync.service, and remove the rsync package: \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 283 \n\n\f# systemctl stop rsync.service \n# apt purge rsync \n- OR - \n- IF - the rsync package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask rsync.service: \n# systemctl stop rsync.service \n# systemctl mask rsync.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "rsync", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "714e5cdec1a55c79095cb8ba1bb92f65", "name": "2.1.15 — Ensure snmp services are not in use", "description": "Ensure snmp services are not in use", "rational": "The SNMP server can communicate using SNMPv1, which transmits data in the clear \nand does not require authentication to execute commands. SNMPv3 replaces the \nsimple/clear text password sharing used in SNMPv2 with more securely encoded \nparameters. If the the SNMP service is not required, the snmpd package should be \nremoved to reduce the attack surface of the system. \nNote: If SNMP is required...", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop snmpd.service and remove the snmpd package: \n# systemctl stop snmpd.service \n# apt purge snmpd \n- OR - If the package is required for dependencies: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask the snmpd.service: \n# systemctl stop snmpd.service \n# systemctl mask snmpd.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "snmpd", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "91ea670865657ec02c320019eca89a29", "name": "2.1.16 — Ensure telnet-server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure telnet-server services are not in use", "rational": "The telnet protocol is insecure and unencrypted. The use of an unencrypted \ntransmission medium could allow a user with access to sniff network traffic the ability to \nsteal credentials. The ssh package provides an encrypted session and stronger \nsecurity.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop inetutils-inetd.service, and remove the \ntelnetd package: \n# systemctl stop inetutils-inetd.service \n# apt purge telnetd \n- OR - \n- IF - the telnetd package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask inetutils-inetd.service: \n# systemctl stop inetutils-inetd.service \n# systemctl mask inetutils-inetd.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "SERVICE", "input": "inetutils-inetd", "selement": "DISABLED", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "c003e580e37785e44f56ab00b6829e52", "name": "2.1.17 — Ensure tftp server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure tftp server services are not in use", "rational": "Unless there is a need to run the system as a TFTP server, it is recommended that the \npackage be removed to reduce the potential attack surface. \nTFTP does not have built-in encryption, access control or authentication. This makes it \nvery easy for an attacker to exploit TFTP to gain access to files", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop tftpd-hpa.service, and remove the tftpd-hpa \npackage: \n# systemctl stop tftpd-hpa.service \n# apt purge tftpd-hpa \n- OR - \n- IF - the tftpd-hpa package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask tftpd-hpa.service: \n# systemctl stop tftpd-hpa.service \n# systemctl mask tftpd-hpa.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "tftpd-hpa", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "022ba0144291110c2acf13b6f3a5ddef", "name": "2.1.19 — Ensure web server services are not in use", "description": "Ensure web server services are not in use", "rational": "Unless there is a local site approved requirement to run a web server service on the \nsystem, web server packages should be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop apache2.socket, apache2.service and remove \nthe apache2 package: \n# systemctl stop apache2.socket apache2.service \n# apt purge apache2 \nRun the following commands to stop nginx.service and remove the nginx package: \n# systemctl stop nginx.service \n# apt purge nginx \n- OR - \n- IF - a package is installed and is required for dependencies: \n- IF - the apache2 package is required for dependencies: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask apache2.socket and...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "apache2", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "35a940136b7419b4cc3665eb506a2088", "name": "2.1.20 — Ensure xinetd services are not in use", "description": "Ensure xinetd services are not in use", "rational": "If there are no xinetd services required, it is recommended that the package be \nremoved to reduce the attack surface are of the system. \nNote: If an xinetd service or services are required, ensure that any xinetd service not \nrequired is stopped and masked", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop xinetd.service, and remove the xinetd \npackage: \n# systemctl stop xinetd.service \n# apt purge xinetd \n-OR- \n-IF- the xinetd package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask the xinetd.service: \n# systemctl stop xinetd.service \n# systemctl mask xinetd.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "xinetd", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "91e5dca27599246afa0556befff92ee3", "name": "2.2.1 — Ensure nis client is not installed", "description": "Ensure nis client is not installed", "rational": "The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS \nattacks, buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS \ngenerally has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access \nProtocol (LDAP). It is recommended that the service be removed.", "remediation": "Uninstall nis: \n# apt purge nis", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "nis", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "683bc341041ac9a7a3ef31ba95346fc8", "name": "2.2.2 — Ensure rsh client is not installed", "description": "Ensure rsh client is not installed", "rational": "These legacy clients contain numerous security exposures and have been replaced with \nthe more secure SSH package. Even if the server is removed, it is best to ensure the \nclients are also removed to prevent users from inadvertently attempting to use these \ncommands and therefore exposing their credentials. Note that removing the rsh-\nclient package removes the clients for rsh , rcp and rlogin .", "remediation": "Uninstall rsh: \n# apt purge rsh-client", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "rsh-client", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a099270a41c7fcd234025bb7097b7be2", "name": "2.2.3 — Ensure talk client is not installed", "description": "Ensure talk client is not installed", "rational": "The software presents a security risk as it uses unencrypted protocols for \ncommunication.", "remediation": "Uninstall talk: \n# apt purge talk", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "talk", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "9e5d1a89031371ae3f321993e370b66c", "name": "2.2.4 — Ensure telnet client is not installed", "description": "Ensure telnet client is not installed", "rational": "The telnet protocol is insecure and unencrypted. The use of an unencrypted \ntransmission medium could allow an unauthorized user to steal credentials. The ssh \npackage provides an encrypted session and stronger security and is included in most \nLinux distributions.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to uninstall telnet & inetutils-telnet: \n# apt purge telnet \n# apt purge inetutils-telnet", "severity": "Medium", "filter": "all", "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "telnet", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": null, "sinput": null }, { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "inetutils-telnet", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "81d37bedd64e3ae1ed96164366730b77", "name": "2.2.5 — Ensure ldap client is not installed", "description": "Ensure ldap client is not installed", "rational": "If the system will not need to act as an LDAP client, it is recommended that the software \nbe removed to reduce the potential attack surface.", "remediation": "Uninstall ldap-utils: \n# apt purge ldap-utils", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "ldap-utils", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a1133e5d57b7be1972d89c993898fd13", "name": "2.2.6 — Ensure ftp client is not installed", "description": "Ensure ftp client is not installed", "rational": "Unless there is a need to run the system using Internet standard File Transfer Protocol \n(for example, to allow anonymous downloads), it is recommended that the package be \nremoved to reduce the potential attack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to uninstall the tnftp and ftp packages: \n# apt purge ftp \n# apt purge tnftp", "severity": "Medium", "filter": "all", "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "ftp", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": null, "sinput": null }, { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "tnftp", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "eab1a7d183ec536cca13199c637aaeea", "name": "2.3.3.2 — Ensure chrony is running as user _chrony", "description": "Ensure chrony is running as user _chrony", "rational": "The chronyd service should run with only the required privlidges", "remediation": "Add or edit the user line to /etc/chrony/chrony.conf or a file ending in .conf in \n/etc/chrony/conf.d/: \nuser _chrony \n- OR - \nIf another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following \ncommand to remove chrony from the system: \n# apt purge chrony \n# apt autoremove chrony", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PROCESS", "input": "chronyd", "selement": "OWNER", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "_chrony" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "70ee9c27fb53d863d74dd8aa3b5686f7", "name": "2.3.3.3 — Ensure chrony is enabled and running", "description": "Ensure chrony is enabled and running", "rational": "chrony needs to be enabled and running in order to synchronize the system to a \ntimeserver. \nTime synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms and to \nensure log files have consistent time records across the enterprise to aid in forensic \ninvestigations", "remediation": "- IF - chrony is in use on the system, run the following commands: \nRun the following command to unmask chrony.service: \n# systemctl unmask chrony.service \nRun the following command to enable and start chrony.service: \n# systemctl --now enable chrony.service \n- OR - \nIf another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following \ncommand to remove chrony: \n# apt purge chrony \n# apt autoremove chrony", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "SERVICE", "input": "chrony", "selement": "ENABLED", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "cbf2954b64ce11c08e498e2335b956fc", "name": "2.4.1.1 — Ensure cron daemon is enabled and active", "description": "Ensure cron daemon is enabled and active", "rational": "While there may not be user jobs that need to be run on the system, the system does \nhave maintenance jobs that may include security monitoring that have to run, and cron \nis used to execute them.", "remediation": "- IF - cron is installed on the system: \nRun the following commands to unmask, enable, and start cron: \n# systemctl unmask \"$(systemctl list-unit-files | awk \n'$1~/^crond?\\.service/{print $1}')\" \n# systemctl --now enable \"$(systemctl list-unit-files | awk \n'$1~/^crond?\\.service/{print $1}')\"", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "systemctl list-unit-files | awk '$1~/^crond?\\.service/{print $2}'", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "558d94382da0de8a311ac85452d3c11b", "name": "2.4.1.2 — Ensure access to /etc/crontab is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/crontab is configured", "rational": "This file contains information on what system jobs are run by cron. Write access to \nthese files could provide unprivileged users with the ability to elevate their privileges. \nRead access to these files could provide users with the ability to gain insight on system \njobs that run on the system and could provide them a way to gain unauthorized \nprivileged access.", "remediation": "- IF - cron is installed on the system: \nRun the following commands to set ownership and permissions on /etc/crontab: \n# chown root:root /etc/crontab \n# chmod og-rwx /etc/crontab", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/crontab", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "faa9114db644749c4c06325e9d205a57", "name": "2.4.1.4 — Ensure access to /etc/cron.daily is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/cron.daily is configured", "rational": "Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the \nmeans for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this \ndirectory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or \ncircumvent auditing controls.", "remediation": "- IF - cron is installed on the system: \nRun the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the \n/etc/cron.daily directory: \n# chown root:root /etc/cron.daily/ \n# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.daily/", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/cron.daily/", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "2c936bff99f653fa9416c28ea41d8373", "name": "2.4.1.8 — Ensure access to /etc/cron.d is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/cron.d is configured", "rational": "Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the \nmeans for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this \ndirectory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or \ncircumvent auditing controls.", "remediation": "- IF - cron is installed on the system: \nRun the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.d \ndirectory: \n# chown root:root /etc/cron.d/ \n# chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.d/", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/cron.d/", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "ba6a5808e682a3dd9c6fb967a024bde2", "name": "2.4.1.9 — Ensure access to crontab is configured", "description": "Ensure access to crontab is configured", "rational": "On many systems, only the system administrator is authorized to schedule cron jobs. \nUsing the cron.allow file to control who can run cron jobs enforces this policy. It is \neasier to manage an allow list than a deny list. In a deny list, you could potentially add a \nuser ID to the system and forget to add it to the deny files. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 361", "remediation": "- IF - cron is installed on the system: \nRun the following script to: \n\n• Create /etc/cron.allow if it doesn't exist \n• Change owner to user root \n• Change group owner to group root - OR - group crontab if it exists \n• Change mode to 640 or more restrictive \n\n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n [ ! -e \"/etc/cron.allow\" ] && touch /etc/cron.allow \n chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/cron.allow \n if grep -Pq -- '^\\h*crontab\\:' /etc/group; then \n chown root:crontab /etc/cron.allow \n else \n ch...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%a/%A) Owner: (%U) Group: (%G)' /etc/cron.allow", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "0643566974181ffb4ee19c8ec9c29009", "name": "2.4.2.1 — Ensure access to at is configured", "description": "Ensure access to at is configured", "rational": "On many systems, only the system administrator is authorized to schedule at jobs. \nUsing the at.allow file to control who can run at jobs enforces this policy. It is easier \nto manage an allow list than a deny list. In a deny list, you could potentially add a user \nID to the system and forget to add it to the deny files. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 366", "remediation": "- IF - at is installed on the system: \nRun the following script to: \n\n• /etc/at.allow: \n\no Create the file if it doesn't exist \no Change owner or user root \no \n\nIf group daemon exists, change to group daemon, else change group to \nroot \n\no Change mode to 640 or more restrictive \n\n• \n\n- IF - /etc/at.deny exists: \n\no Change owner or user root \no \n\nIf group daemon exists, change to group daemon, else change group to \nroot \n\no Change mode to 640 or more restrictive \n\n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%a/%A) Owner: (%U) Group: (%G)' /etc/at.allow", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "6e923f949c76e2ab278a08dc0ee1c469", "name": "3.1.2 — Ensure wireless interfaces are not available", "description": "Ensure wireless interfaces are not available", "rational": "-IF- wireless is not to be used, wireless devices can be disabled to reduce the potential \nattack surface.", "remediation": "Run the following command to disable any wireless interfaces: \n# find /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/net/wireless -name '*.ko' -\nprintf 'install %f /bin/false\\nblacklist %f\\n\\n' | sed 's/\\.ko//1' >> \n/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-wireless.conf \nNote: the *.conf file in /etc/modprobe.d/ in the above command can renamed as \nneeded.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "5957ea90f01dcf117e840c27850d924e", "name": "3.1.3 — Ensure bluetooth services are not in use", "description": "Ensure bluetooth services are not in use", "rational": "An attacker may be able to find a way to access or corrupt your data. One example of \nthis type of activity is bluesnarfing, which refers to attackers using a Bluetooth \nconnection to steal information off of your Bluetooth device. Also, viruses or other \nmalicious code can take advantage of Bluetooth technology to infect other devices. If \nyou are infected, your data may be corrupted, compromi...", "remediation": "Run the following commands to stop bluetooth.service, and remove the bluez \npackage: \n# systemctl stop bluetooth.service \n# apt purge bluez \n- OR - \n- IF - the bluez package is required as a dependency: \nRun the following commands to stop and mask bluetooth.service: \n# systemctl stop bluetooth.service \n# systemctl mask bluetooth.service \nNote: A reboot may be required", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "bluez", "selement": "NOT EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "8a303664caf054a32c24d82ba1f6a91e", "name": "3.2.1 — Ensure atm kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure atm kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded protocols reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this protocol is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the atm kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the atm kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r atm 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod can 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the atm kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install can /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ \ndirectory \nExample: \n# printf '\\n%s\\n' \"install atm /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-atm.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist atm in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory \nExamp...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^atm ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "3b04d21bf9f10082b3cec47aed44ab2c", "name": "3.2.2 — Ensure can kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure can kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded protocols reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this protocol is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the can kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the can kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r can 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod can 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the can kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install can /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ \ndirectory \nExample: \n# printf '\\n%s\\n' \"install can /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-can.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist can in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory \nExamp...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^can ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "2428689a0d4586ce5a88cfbe8765e0ee", "name": "3.2.3 — Ensure dccp kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure dccp kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded protocols reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this protocol is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the dccp kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the dccp kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r dccp 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod dccp 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the dccp kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install dccp /bin/false in the \n/etc/modprobe.d/ directory \nExample: \n# printf '\\n%s\\n' \"install dccp /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-dccp.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist dccp in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directo...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^dccp ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "014b1d45e790b64fd6d33aadefb6e5a9", "name": "3.2.4 — Ensure rds kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure rds kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded protocols reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this protocol is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the rds kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the rds kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r rds 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod rds 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the rds kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install rds /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ \ndirectory \nExample: \n# printf '\\n%s\\n' \"install rds /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-rds.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist rds in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory \nExamp...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^rds ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "457503be8dbe1d3fe698e3ad1d435c7c", "name": "3.2.5 — Ensure sctp kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure sctp kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded protocols reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this protocol is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the sctp kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the sctp kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r sctp 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod sctp 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the sctp kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install sctp /bin/false in the \n/etc/modprobe.d/ directory \nExample: \n# printf '\\n%s\\n' \"install sctp /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-sctp.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist sctp in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directo...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^sctp ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "db82d2885edbfb4d1d246b999583c519", "name": "3.2.6 — Ensure tipc kernel module is not available", "description": "Ensure tipc kernel module is not available", "rational": "Removing support for unneeded protocols reduces the local attack surface of the \nsystem. If this protocol is not needed, disable it.", "remediation": "Unload and disable the tipc kernel module. \n\n1. Run the following commands to unload the tipc kernel module: \n\n# modprobe -r tipc 2>/dev/null \n# rmmod tipc 2>/dev/null \n\n2. Perform the following to disable the tipc kernel module: \n\nCreate a file ending in .conf with install tipc /bin/false in the \n/etc/modprobe.d/ directory \nExample: \n# printf '\\n%s\\n' \"install tipc /bin/false\" >> /etc/modprobe.d/60-tipc.conf \nCreate a file ending in .conf with blacklist tipc in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directo...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "lsmod | grep -c '^tipc ' || true", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "dfa45587240805646a7479b41ace94fc", "name": "3.3.1.1 — Ensure net.ipv4.ip_forward is configured", "description": "Ensure net.ipv4.ip_forward is configured", "rational": "Routing protocol daemons are typically used on routers to exchange network topology \ninformation with other routers. If this software is used when not required, system \nnetwork information may be unnecessarily transmitted across the network. \nSetting net.ipv4.ip_forward to 0 ensures that a system with multiple interfaces (for \nexample, a hard proxy), will not be able to forward IPv4 packets.", "remediation": "1. Review all files being used by systemd-sysctl and comment out or remove all \n\nnet.ipv4.ip_forward lines that are not net.ipv4.ip_forward=0. \n\nExample script: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n l_option=\"net.ipv4.ip_forward\" l_value=\"0\" \n l_grep=\"${l_option//./(\\\\.|\\\\/)}\" a_files=() \n l_systemdsysctl=\"$(readlink -e /lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl \\ \n || readlink -e /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl)\" \n l_ufw_file=\"$([ -f /etc/default/ufw ] && \\ \n awk -F= '/^\\s*IPT_SYSCTL=/ {print $2}' /etc/d...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sysctl -n net.ipv4.ip_forward", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "EQUALS", "sinput": "0" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "1179d3edafd8cffee7acf5d4907b2087", "name": "4.1.1 — Ensure ufw is installed", "description": "Ensure ufw is installed", "rational": "UFW acts as a frontend for both iptables and nftables and can use either as its \nbackend, though the specific backend depends on the Linux distribution and system \nconfiguration. \nYou can enable the firewall, view its status, and manage rules using simple command-\nline tools to secure your system.", "remediation": "Run the following command to install Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW): \n# apt install ufw", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "ufw", "selement": "EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "53f8ba737739f3144faa0cb8ac515159", "name": "4.1.2 — Ensure ufw service is configured", "description": "Ensure ufw service is configured", "rational": "The ufw service must be enabled and running in order for ufw to protect the system", "remediation": "Run the following command to unmask the ufw.service: \n# systemctl unmask ufw.service \nRun the following command to enable and start the ufw.service: \n# systemctl --now enable ufw.service \n\nactive \nRun the following command to enable ufw: \n# ufw enable", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "SERVICE", "input": "ufw", "selement": "ENABLED", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "da17972ca0b278888de23a5d53aec461", "name": "4.1.3 — Ensure ufw incoming default is configured", "description": "Ensure ufw incoming default is configured", "rational": "With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to \nbe denied. It is easier to allow list acceptable usage than to deny list unacceptable \nusage.", "remediation": "Run the following command to set the default for incoming to deny: \n# ufw default deny incoming \nWarning: Any port or protocol without a explicit allow before the default deny will be \nblocked.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "ufw status verbose | awk -F',' '$1~/Default/ {print $1}'", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a68ef0077cff43cb28056e6fccaa94bd", "name": "4.1.5 — Ensure ufw routed default is configured", "description": "Ensure ufw routed default is configured", "rational": "A default disabled or deny policy ensures that UFW does not forward traffic between \ndifferent network interfaces by default. This reduces the risk from unwanted or malicious \nrouted traffic.", "remediation": "Run the following command to set the defalut for routed to disabled: \n# ufw default disabled routed", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "ufw status verbose | awk -F',' '$1=\"Default\"{print $3}'", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "03a04f5d61441fb8a6be9db44b050a48", "name": "5.1.4 — Ensure sshd access is configured", "description": "Ensure sshd access is configured", "rational": "Restricting which users can remotely access the system via SSH will help ensure that \nonly authorized users access the system. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 531", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set one or more of the parameters above any \nInclude and Match set statements as follows: \nAllowUsers \n - AND/OR - \nAllowGroups \n\nNote: It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list. In a deny list, \nyou could potentially add a user or group and forget to add it to the deny \nlist.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T | grep -Pi -- '^\\h*(allow|deny)(users|groups)\\h+\\H+'", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "1966e4adf76922bda395d9a7e85a03d4", "name": "5.1.5 — Ensure sshd Banner is configured", "description": "Ensure sshd Banner is configured", "rational": "Banners are used to warn connecting users of the particular site's policy regarding \nconnection. Presenting a warning message prior to the normal user login may assist the \nprosecution of trespassers on the computer system. \nNot having a properly configured SSH banner, or leaving it at the default value, can \nexpose an organization to legal and compliance risks by failing to provide users with...", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the Banner parameter above any Include \nand Match entries as follows: \nBanner /etc/issue.net \nEdit the file being called by the Banner argument with the appropriate contents \naccording to your site policy, remove any instances of \\m , \\r , \\s , \\v or references to \nthe OS platform \nExample: \n# printf '%s\\n' \"Authorized users only. All activity may be monitored and \nreported.\" > \"$(sshd -T | awk '$1 == \"banner\" {print $2}')\"", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "(?i)^banner[ \\t]+/[^ \\t]+" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "79e3b80e17c45f23a65612d1703b6b09", "name": "5.1.6 — Ensure sshd Ciphers are configured", "description": "Ensure sshd Ciphers are configured", "rational": "Weak ciphers that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module cannot be \nrelied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and system data may be compromised.", "remediation": "- IF - CVE-2023-48795 has been addressed, and it meets local site policy, \nchacha20-poly1305 may be removed from the list of excluded ciphers. \n\nCreate or edit a file in /etc/crypto-policies/policies/modules/ ending in .pmod \nand add or modify the the following line: \ncipher@SSH = -3DES-CBC -AES-128-CBC -AES-192-CBC -AES-256-CBC -CHACHA20-\nPOLY1305 \nExample: \n# printf '%s\\n' \"# This is a subpolicy to disable weak ciphers\" \"# for the \nSSH protocol (libssh and OpenSSH)\" \"cipher@SSH = -3DES-CBC...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": "all", "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "3des-cbc" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "aes128-cbc" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "aes192-cbc" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "aes256-cbc" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "22494977bcd30f6973ce7bb29abf2dcd", "name": "5.1.9 — Ensure sshd GSSAPIAuthentication is disabled", "description": "Ensure sshd GSSAPIAuthentication is disabled", "rational": "Allowing GSSAPI authentication through SSH exposes the system's GSSAPI to remote \nhosts, and should be disabled to reduce the attack surface of the system", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the GSSAPIAuthentication parameter to \nno above any Include and Match entries as follows: \nGSSAPIAuthentication no", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "gssapiauthentication no" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "b67da4228cb52ef3a85e2938665ca9f5", "name": "5.1.11 — Ensure sshd IgnoreRhosts is enabled", "description": "Ensure sshd IgnoreRhosts is enabled", "rational": "Setting this parameter forces users to enter a password when authenticating with SSH.", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the IgnoreRhosts parameter to yes above \nany Include entry as follows: \nIgnoreRhosts yes", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "ignorerhosts yes" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "e321f68678da0df2b1d44f4e56fe4d73", "name": "5.1.12 — Ensure sshd KexAlgorithms is configured", "description": "Ensure sshd KexAlgorithms is configured", "rational": "Key exchange methods that are considered weak should be removed. A key exchange \nmethod may be weak because too few bits are used, or the hashing algorithm is \nconsidered too weak. Using weak algorithms could expose connections to man-in-the-\nmiddle attacks", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and add/modify the KexAlgorithms line to contain \na comma separated list of the site unapproved (weak) KexAlgorithms preceded with a - \nabove any Include entries: \nExample: \nKexAlgorithms -diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-\nhellman-group-exchange-sha1 \n\nNote: First occurrence of an option takes precedence. If Include locations \nare enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your \nenvironment, the entry may be created...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": "all", "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "diffie-hellman-group1-sha1" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "c558d65bf219c99e9afd7898066d424e", "name": "5.1.14 — Ensure sshd LoginGraceTime is configured", "description": "Ensure sshd LoginGraceTime is configured", "rational": "Setting the LoginGraceTime parameter to a low number will minimize the risk of \nsuccessful brute force attacks to the SSH server. It will also limit the number of \nconcurrent unauthenticated connections While the recommended setting is 60 seconds \n(1 Minute), set the number based on site policy.", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the LoginGraceTime parameter to 60 \nseconds or less above any Include entry as follows: \nLoginGraceTime 60", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "(?i)^logingracetime ([1-9]|[1-5][0-9]|60)\\b" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "32aba69ac206ad3d6ed22fe503cb6ad9", "name": "5.1.15 — Ensure sshd LogLevel is configured", "description": "Ensure sshd LogLevel is configured", "rational": "The INFO level is the basic level that only records login activity of SSH users. In many \nsituations, such as Incident Response, it is important to determine when a particular \nuser was active on a system. The logout record can eliminate those users who \ndisconnected, which helps narrow the field. \nThe VERBOSE level specifies that login and logout activity as well as the key fingerprint \nfor an...", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the LogLevel parameter to VERBOSE or \nINFO above any Include and Match entries as follows: \nLogLevel VERBOSE \n - OR - \nLogLevel INFO", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "(?i)^loglevel (verbose|info)\\b" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "fc2e3c39014d0eb4856ac2c866c46c92", "name": "5.1.16 — Ensure sshd MACs are configured", "description": "Ensure sshd MACs are configured", "rational": "MD5 and 96-bit MAC algorithms are considered weak and have been shown to increase \nexploitability in SSH downgrade attacks. Weak algorithms continue to have a great deal \nof attention as a weak spot that can be exploited with expanded computing power. An \nattacker that breaks the algorithm could take advantage of a MiTM position to decrypt \nthe SSH tunnel and capture credentials and information.", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and add/modify the MACs line to contain a comma \nseparated list of the site unapproved (weak) MACs preceded with a - above any \nInclude entries: \nExample: \nMACs -hmac-md5,hmac-md5-96,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,umac-\n64@openssh.com,hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-\nripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-\netm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com \n- IF - CVE-2023-48795 has not been reviewed and addressed, the fo...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": "all", "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "hmac-md5" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "hmac-sha1-96" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "hmac-ripemd160" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "umac-64@openssh.com" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "d992323bffea771483a7cc44b98ba418", "name": "5.1.17 — Ensure sshd MaxAuthTries is configured", "description": "Ensure sshd MaxAuthTries is configured", "rational": "Setting the MaxAuthTries parameter to a low number will minimize the risk of \nsuccessful brute force attacks to the SSH server. While the recommended setting is 4, \nset the number based on site policy.", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the MaxAuthTries parameter to 4 or less \nabove any Include and Match entries as follows: \nMaxAuthTries 4", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "(?i)^maxauthtries [0-4]\\b" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "2c1544abe138cf94cf27741de8fd42f1", "name": "5.1.18 — Ensure sshd MaxSessions is configured", "description": "Ensure sshd MaxSessions is configured", "rational": "To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of concurrent \nsessions, use the rate limiting function of MaxSessions to protect availability of sshd \nlogins and prevent overwhelming the daemon.", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the MaxSessions parameter to 10 or less \nabove any Include and Match entries as follows: \nMaxSessions 10", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "(?i)^maxsessions (10|[0-9])\\b" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a062a14f3407d96ddf3f97cb3a6232d0", "name": "5.1.19 — Ensure sshd MaxStartups is configured", "description": "Ensure sshd MaxStartups is configured", "rational": "To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of pending \nauthentication connection attempts, use the rate limiting function of MaxStartups to \nprotect availability of sshd logins and prevent overwhelming the daemon.", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the MaxStartups parameter to 10:30:60 or \nmore restrictive above any Include entries as follows: \nMaxStartups 10:30:60", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T | awk '$1 ~ /^\\s*maxstartups/{split($2, a, \":\");{if(a[1] > 10 ||", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "44fae6b49f4b343808b43233f7c61e7a", "name": "5.1.21 — Ensure sshd PermitRootLogin is disabled", "description": "Ensure sshd PermitRootLogin is disabled", "rational": "Disallowing root logins over SSH requires system admins to authenticate using their \nown individual account, then escalating to root. This limits opportunity for non-\nrepudiation and provides a clear audit trail in the event of a security incident.", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the PermitRootLogin parameter to no \nabove any Include and Match entries as follows: \nPermitRootLogin no", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "(?i)^permitrootlogin (no|prohibit-password)\\b" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "bf626641549087a6caa8a89bec5ecfa6", "name": "5.1.23 — Ensure sshd UsePAM is enabled", "description": "Ensure sshd UsePAM is enabled", "rational": "When usePAM is set to yes, PAM runs through account and session types properly. This \nis important if you want to restrict access to services based off of IP, time or other \nfactors of the account. Additionally, you can make sure users inherit certain \nenvironment variables on login or disallow access to the server", "remediation": "Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the UsePAM parameter to yes above any \nInclude entries as follows: \nUsePAM yes", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "sshd -T", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "usepam yes" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "cbf5403427f6cd856eeb4fb19a0be254", "name": "5.2.1 — Ensure sudo is installed", "description": "Ensure sudo is installed", "rational": "sudo supports a plug-in architecture for security policies and input/output logging. Third \nparties can develop and distribute their own policy and I/O logging plug-ins to work \nseamlessly with the sudo front end. The default security policy is sudoers, which is \nconfigured via the file /etc/sudoers and any entries in /etc/sudoers.d. \nThe security policy determines what privileges, if any, a us...", "remediation": "First determine is LDAP functionality is required. If so, then install libsss-sudo and \nsssd. \nExample: \n# apt install libsss-sudo sssd \nNote: Debian 13, \"trixie\", will be the last version of Debian that supports sudo-ldap. \nThe Debian sudo team recommends the use of libsss-sudo for new installations and \nthe migration of existing installations from sudo-ldap to libsss-sudo and sssd. See \n/usr/share/doc/sudo-ldap/NEWS.Debian.gz for more explanation. This is also \nbeing discussed in #1033728 i...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "libsss-sudo", "selement": "EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "835d87b30cd1b2d0823e589571e71e08", "name": "5.2.2 — Ensure sudo commands use pty", "description": "Ensure sudo commands use pty", "rational": "Attackers can run a malicious program using sudo which would fork a background \nprocess that remains even when the main program has finished executing.", "remediation": "Edit the file /etc/sudoers with visudo or a file in /etc/sudoers.d/ with visudo -f \n and add the following line: \nDefaults use_pty \nEdit the file /etc/sudoers with visudo and any files in /etc/sudoers.d/ with visudo \n-f and remove any occurrence of !use_pty \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 578 \n\n \n \n\fNote: \n\n• sudo will read each file in /etc/sudoers.d, skipping file names that end in ~ or \ncontain a . character to avoid causing problems with package manager or e...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -rPi -- '^\\h*Defaults\\h+([^#\\n\\r]+,\\h*)?use_pty\\b' /etc/sudoers*", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "797eecef70fc5cb2273e07830393b2f2", "name": "5.2.3 — Ensure sudo log file exists", "description": "Ensure sudo log file exists", "rational": "A sudo log file simplifies auditing of sudo commands", "remediation": "Edit the file /etc/sudoers or a file in /etc/sudoers.d/ with visudo -f and add the following line: \nDefaults logfile=\"\" \nExample: \nDefaults logfile=\"/var/log/sudo.log\" \nNotes: \n\n• sudo will read each file in /etc/sudoers.d, skipping file names that end in ~ or \ncontain a . character to avoid causing problems with package manager or editor \ntemporary/backup files. \n\n• Files are parsed in sorted lexical order. That is, /etc/sudoers.d/01_first will \n\nb...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -rPsi", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a3ddf5ee1ffba4066772029173e4033b", "name": "5.2.6 — Ensure sudo timestamp_timeout is configured", "description": "Ensure sudo timestamp_timeout is configured", "rational": "A timeout value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized privileged sudo \naccess.", "remediation": "Edit the file listed in the audit section with visudo -f and modify the \nentry timestamp_timeout= to 15 minutes or less as per your site policy. The value is in \nminutes. This particular entry may appear on its own, or on the same line as \nenv_reset. See the following two examples: \nExample 1: \nDefaults env_reset, timestamp_timeout=15 \nExample 2: \nDefaults timestamp_timeout=15 \nDefaults env_reset \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 586", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -roP \"timestamp_timeout=\\K[0-9]*\" /etc/sudoers*", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "f705f63de8e1a14e50af4cfea5830756", "name": "5.2.7 — Ensure access to the su command is restricted", "description": "Ensure access to the su command is restricted", "rational": "Restricting the use of su , and using sudo in its place, provides system administrators \nbetter control of the escalation of user privileges to execute privileged commands. The \nsudo utility also provides a better logging and audit mechanism, as it can log each \ncommand executed via sudo , whereas su can only record that a user executed the su \nprogram.", "remediation": "Create an empty group that will be specified for use of the su command. The group \nshould be named according to site policy. \nExample: \n# groupadd sugroup \nAdd the following line to the /etc/pam.d/su file, specifying the empty group: \nauth required pam_wheel.so use_uid group=sugroup \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 588", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/group", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "cdc1fcbcb33519cbc3d16211435f70d8", "name": "5.3.1.1 — Ensure latest version of pam is installed", "description": "Ensure latest version of pam is installed", "rational": "Older versions of the libpam-runtime package may not include the latest security and \nfeature patches and updates. \nNote: This Benchmark includes Recommendations that depend on newer libpam-\nruntime features.", "remediation": "Run the following command to install the latest version of libpam-runtime: \n# apt install libpam-runtime", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "libpam-runtime", "selement": "EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "62d24ea56333c3dc79d29a89a6d893cd", "name": "5.3.2.1 — Ensure pam_unix module is enabled", "description": "Ensure pam_unix module is enabled", "rational": "The system should only provide access after performing authentication of a user.", "remediation": "Run the following command to enable the pam_unix module: \n# pam-auth-update --enable unix \nNote: If a site specific custom profile is being used in your environment to configure \nPAM that includes the configuration for the pam_unix module, enable that module \ninstead", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/pam.d/common-auth", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "pam_unix.so" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "766425d5e7b86061ed87aa94e2fe3e0e", "name": "5.3.2.2 — Ensure pam_faillock module is enabled", "description": "Ensure pam_faillock module is enabled", "rational": "Locking out user IDs after n unsuccessful consecutive login attempts mitigates brute \nforce password attacks against your systems.", "remediation": "Create two pam-auth-update profiles in /usr/share/pam-configs/: \n\n1. Create the faillock profile in /usr/share/pam-configs/ with the following \n\nlines: \n\nName: Enable pam_faillock to deny access \nDefault: yes \nPriority: 0 \nAuth-Type: Primary \nAuth: \n [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail \nExample Script: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n arr=('Name: Enable pam_faillock to deny access' 'Default: yes' 'Priority: \n0' 'Auth-Type: Primary' 'Auth:' ' [default=die]...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -P -- '\\bpam_faillock\\.so\\b' /etc/pam.d/common-{auth,account}", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "4b8de1164aa2d511979000dc9c7166b7", "name": "5.3.2.3 — Ensure pam_pwquality module is enabled", "description": "Ensure pam_pwquality module is enabled", "rational": "Use of a unique, complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required \nto compromise the password.", "remediation": "Run the following script to verify the pam_pwquality.so line exists in a pam-auth-\nupdate profile: \n# grep -P -- '\\bpam_pwquality\\.so\\b' /usr/share/pam-configs/* \nOutput should be similar to: \n/usr/share/pam-configs/pwquality: requisite \npam_pwquality.so retry=3 \n/usr/share/pam-configs/pwquality: requisite \npam_pwquality.so retry=3 \n- IF - similar output is returned: \nRun the following command to update /etc/pam.d/common-password with th...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/pam.d/common-password", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "pam_pwquality.so" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "df8c68c58dc6f157567fac4239381110", "name": "5.3.2.4 — Ensure pam_pwhistory module is enabled", "description": "Ensure pam_pwhistory module is enabled", "rational": "Use of a unique, complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required \nto compromise the password.", "remediation": "Run the following script to verify the pam_pwhistory.so line exists in a pam-auth-\nupdate profile: \n# grep -P -- '\\bpam_pwhistory\\.so\\b' /usr/share/pam-configs/* \nOutput should be similar to: \n/usr/share/pam-configs/pwhistory: requisite pam_pwhistory.so remember=24 \nenforce_for_root use_authtok \n- IF - similar output is returned: \nRun the following command to update /etc/pam.d/common-password with the \nreturned profile: \n# pam-auth-update --enable {PROFILE_NAME} \nExample: \n# pam-auth-upda...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/pam.d/common-password", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "pam_pwhistory.so" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "5f6d37bc62dbc2f9879d74e59320bca5", "name": "5.3.3.1.2 — Ensure password unlock time is configured", "description": "Ensure password unlock time is configured", "rational": "Locking out user IDs after n unsuccessful consecutive login attempts mitigates brute \nforce password attacks against your systems.", "remediation": "Set password unlock time to conform to site policy. unlock_time should be 0 (never), \nor 900 seconds or greater. \nEdit /etc/security/faillock.conf and update or add the following line: \nunlock_time = 900 \nRun the following command: remove the unlock_time argument from the \npam_faillock.so module in the PAM files: \n# grep -Pl -- '\\bpam_faillock\\.so\\h+([^#\\n\\r]+\\h+)?unlock_time\\b' \n/usr/share/pam-configs/* \nEdit any returned files and remove the unlock_time= argument from the \npam_faillock.s...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -Pi -- '^\\h*unlock_time\\h*=\\h*(0|9[0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{3,})\\b'", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "8335c725d19e5e5d200054f1fb410df0", "name": "5.3.3.2.2 — Ensure password length is configured", "description": "Ensure password length is configured", "rational": "Strong passwords help protect systems from password attacks. Types of password \nattacks include dictionary attacks, which attempt to use common words and phrases, \nand brute force attacks, which try every possible combination of characters. Also \nattackers may try to obtain the account database so they can use tools to discover the \naccounts and passwords.", "remediation": "Create or modify a file ending in .conf in the /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ \ndirectory or the file /etc/security/pwquality.conf and add or modify the following \nline to set password length of 14 or more characters. Ensure that password length \nconforms to local site policy: \nExample: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n sed -ri 's/^\\s*minlen\\s*=/# &/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf \n [ ! -d /etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ ] && mkdir \n/etc/security/pwquality.conf.d/ \n printf '\\n%s' \"minlen = 14\"...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -Psi -- '^\\h*minlen\\h*=\\h*(1[4-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,})\\b'", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "7b92ecddb3c6a2b9cde3d7a1cfe772f6", "name": "5.3.3.4.1 — Ensure pam_unix does not include nullok", "description": "Ensure pam_unix does not include nullok", "rational": "Using a strong password is essential to helping protect personal and sensitive \ninformation from unauthorized access", "remediation": "Run the following command: \n# grep -PH -- '^\\h*([^#\\n\\r]+\\h+)?pam_unix\\.so\\h+([^#\\n\\r]+\\h+)?nullok\\b' \n/usr/share/pam-configs/* \nEdit any files returned and remove the nullok argument for the pam_unix lines \nExample File: \nName: Unix authentication \nDefault: yes \nPriority: 256 \nAuth-Type: Primary \nAuth: \n [success=end default=ignore] pam_unix.so try_first_pass # <- \n**ensure line does not include nullok nullok** \nAuth-Initial: \n [success=end default=ignore] pam_unix.so # <...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": "all", "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/pam.d/common-auth", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "nullok" }, { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/pam.d/common-password", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "nullok" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "84f5a4f207a9a21bcbdbe8b2f1db3981", "name": "5.3.3.4.4 — Ensure pam_unix includes use_authtok", "description": "Ensure pam_unix includes use_authtok", "rational": "use_authtok allows multiple pam modules to confirm a new password before it is \naccepted.", "remediation": "Run the following command: \n# awk '/Password-Type:/{ f = 1;next } /-Type:/{ f = 0 } f {if \n(/pam_unix\\.so/) print FILENAME}' /usr/share/pam-configs/* \nEdit any returned files add use_authtok to the pam_unix line in the Password section \nunder Password: subsection: \nNote: The if the file's Password section includes a Password-Initial: subsection, \nuse_authtok should not be added to the pam_unix line in the Password-Initial: \nsubsection \nExample File: \nName: Unix authentication \nDefault: yes \nP...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -PH --", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "58a8be4df577f0d93b651bf4be7527ed", "name": "5.4.1.1 — Ensure password expiration is configured", "description": "Ensure password expiration is configured", "rational": "The window of opportunity for an attacker to leverage compromised credentials or \nsuccessfully compromise credentials via an online brute force attack is limited by the \nage of the password. Therefore, reducing the maximum age of a password also reduces \nan attacker's window of opportunity. \nWe recommend a yearly password change. This is primarily because for all their good \nintentions users wi...", "remediation": "Set the PASS_MAX_DAYS parameter to conform to site policy in /etc/login.defs : \nPASS_MAX_DAYS 365 \nModify user parameters for all users with a password set to match: \n# chage --maxdays 365 \nEdit /etc/login.defs and set PASS_MAX_DAYS to a value greater than 0 that follows \nlocal site policy: \nExample: \nPASS_MAX_DAYS 365 \nRun the following command to modify user parameters for all users with a password set \nto a maximum age no greater than 365 or less than 1 that follows local site polic...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/login.defs", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "REGEX", "sinput": "(?i)^[ \\t]*PASS_MAX_DAYS[ \\t]+\\d+\\b" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a23b8e4f91fd12782aae62e9016e5bee", "name": "5.4.1.5 — Ensure inactive password lock is configured", "description": "Ensure inactive password lock is configured", "rational": "Inactive accounts pose a threat to system security since the users are not logging in to \nnotice failed login attempts or other anomalies.", "remediation": "Run the following command to set the default password inactivity period to 45 days or \nless that meets local site policy: \n# useradd -D -f \nExample: \n# useradd -D -f 45 \nRun the following command to modify user parameters for all users with a password set \nto a inactive age of 45 days or less that follows local site policy: \n# chage --inactive \nExample: \n# awk -F: '($2~/^\\$.+\\$/) {if($7 > 45 || $7 < 0)system (\"chage --inactive 45 \n\" $1)}' /etc/shadow", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "useradd -D | grep INACTIVE", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "00d1fabb98a153ece64be6b2c48b3a0b", "name": "5.4.2.1 — Ensure root is the only UID 0 account", "description": "Ensure root is the only UID 0 account", "rational": "This access must be limited to only the default root account and only from the system \nconsole. Administrative access must be through an unprivileged account using an \napproved mechanism as noted in the Recommendation \"Ensure access to the su \ncommand is restricted\".", "remediation": "Run the following command to change the root account UID to 0: \n# usermod -u 0 root \nModify any users other than root with UID 0 and assign them a new UID.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "awk -F: '($3 == 0) { print $1 }' /etc/passwd", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "5aba9dff6a6d810b1695b9d727670928", "name": "5.4.2.2 — Ensure root is the only GID 0 account", "description": "Ensure root is the only GID 0 account", "rational": "Using GID 0 for the root account helps prevent root -owned files from accidentally \nbecoming accessible to non-privileged users.", "remediation": "Run the following command to set the root user's GID to 0: \n# usermod -g 0 root \nRun the following command to set the root group's GID to 0: \n# groupmod -g 0 root \nRemove any users other than the root user with GID 0 or assign them a new GID if \nappropriate.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "awk -F: '($1 !~ /^(sync|shutdown|halt|operator)/ && $4==\"0\") {print", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "5c61b55a38c6468b03b37e47d3dea011", "name": "5.4.2.3 — Ensure group root is the only GID 0 group", "description": "Ensure group root is the only GID 0 group", "rational": "Using GID 0 for the root group helps prevent root group owned files from accidentally \nbecoming accessible to non-privileged users.", "remediation": "Run the following command to set the root group's GID to 0: \n# groupmod -g 0 root \nRemove any groups other than the root group with GID 0 or assign them a new GID if \nappropriate.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "awk -F: '$3==\"0\"{print $1\":\"$3}' /etc/group", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "84e8b70a96b486b79befa28745ed50c5", "name": "5.4.2.4 — Ensure root account access is controlled", "description": "Ensure root account access is controlled", "rational": "Access to root should be secured at all times.", "remediation": "Run the following command to set a password for the root user: \n# passwd root \n- OR - \nRun the following command to lock the root user account: \n# usermod -L root \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 681", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "passwd -S root | awk '$2 ~ /^(P|L)/ {print \"User: \\\"\" $1 \"\\\" Password is", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "167cd568122c469beefbdb87c4f946ee", "name": "5.4.2.5 — Ensure root path integrity", "description": "Ensure root path integrity", "rational": "Including the current working directory (.) or other writable directory in root's \nexecutable path makes it likely that an attacker can gain superuser access by forcing an \nadministrator operating as root to execute a Trojan horse program. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 683", "remediation": "Correct or justify any: \n\n• Locations that are not directories \n• Empty directories (::) \n• Trailing (:) \n• Current working directory (.) \n• Non root owned directories \n• Directories that less restrictive than mode 0755", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "50182c7b04934fc0c92aeaed83da9dd0", "name": "5.4.2.6 — Ensure root user umask is configured", "description": "Ensure root user umask is configured", "rational": "Setting a secure value for umask ensures that users make a conscious choice about \ntheir file permissions. A permissive umask value could result in directories or files with \nexcessive permissions that can be read and/or written to by unauthorized users. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 686", "remediation": "Edit /root/.profile and /root/.bashrc and either: \n\n• \n\nremove, comment out, or update any line with umask. \n\n- OR - \n\n• update any line that includes umask to a value of 0027 or more restrictive. \n\nExample: \numask 027 \nNote: the Recommendation \"Ensure default user umask is configured\" includes \nguidance to set the default umask", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -Psi -- '^\\h*umask\\h+((\\d{1,2}(\\d[^7]|[^2-", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "f74476977710af210efd1ee59a5b0e6f", "name": "5.4.3.1 — Ensure nologin is not listed in /etc/shells", "description": "Ensure nologin is not listed in /etc/shells", "rational": "A user can use chsh to change their configured shell. \nIf a user has a shell configured that isn't in in /etc/shells, then the system assumes \nthat they're somehow restricted. In the case of chsh it means that the user cannot \nchange that value. \nOther programs might query that list and apply similar restrictions. \nBy putting nologin in /etc/shells, any user that has nologin as its shell is \nco...", "remediation": "Edit /etc/shells and remove any lines that include nologin", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "FILE", "input": "/etc/shells", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "NOT CONTAINS", "sinput": "^\\h*([^#\\n\\r]+)?\\/nologin\\b" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "9c1f329193fc6838028f6f2306773114", "name": "5.4.3.3 — Ensure default user umask is configured", "description": "Ensure default user umask is configured", "rational": "Setting a secure default value for umask ensures that users make a conscious choice \nabout their file permissions. A permissive umask value could result in directories or files \nwith excessive permissions that can be read and/or written to by unauthorized users. \nSatisfies: SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00228, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227 \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 699", "remediation": "1. Run the following script to comment out all occurrences of umask that are less \nrestrictive than 027 in files ending in *.sh in the /etc/profile.d/ directory: \n\n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n while IFS= read -r -d $'\\0' l_file; do \n sed -ri '/^\\s*umask\\s+0?(0[01][0-7]|0[0-7][^7]|[^0][0-7][0-\n7])(\\s*|\\s+.*)$/s/^/# /' \"$l_file\" \n done < <(find /etc/profile.d/ -type f -name '*.sh' -print0) \n} \n\n2. Create or edit a file in /etc/profile.d/ ending in *.sh and add or modify the \n\nfollowing...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "grep -Psi -- '^\\h*umask\\b' /etc/profile.d/*.sh", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "6ddc667649b3b1d0bdd82a4436a5a498", "name": "6.1.1.1.1 — Ensure journald service is active", "description": "Ensure journald service is active", "rational": "If the systemd-journald service is not enabled to start on boot, the system will not \ncapture logging events.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to unmask, enable, and start systemd-\njournald.service \n# systemctl unmask systemd-journald.service \n# systemctl --now enable systemd-journald.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "SERVICE", "input": "systemd-journald", "selement": "ACTIVE", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "cdd4f291a59cc044680405a85bbd5a6f", "name": "6.1.1.1.5 — Ensure journald Storage is configured", "description": "Ensure journald Storage is configured", "rational": "Writing log data to disk will provide the ability to forensically reconstruct events which \nmay have impacted the operations or security of a system even after a system crash or \nreboot. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 718", "remediation": "Set the following parameter in the [Journal] section in \n/etc/systemd/journald.conf or a file in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ending \nin .conf: \nStorage=persistent \nExample: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n [ ! -d /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ] && mkdir -p \n/etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ \n if grep -Psq -- '^\\h*\\[Journal\\]' /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-\njournald.conf; then \n printf '%s\\n' \"Storage=persistent\" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-\njournald.conf \n else \n printf '%s\\n...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "66a89a88e25adaaab72eda8a2e7e1853", "name": "6.1.1.1.6 — Ensure journald Compress is configured", "description": "Ensure journald Compress is configured", "rational": "Uncompressed large files may unexpectedly fill a filesystem leading to resource \nunavailability. Compressing logs prior to write can prevent sudden, unexpected \nfilesystem impacts. \n\nInternal Only - General \n\nPage 721", "remediation": "Set the following parameter in the [Journal] section in \n/etc/systemd/journald.conf or a file in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ending \nin .conf: \nCompress=yes \nExample: \n#!/usr/bin/env bash \n\n{ \n [ ! -d /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ ] && mkdir -p \n/etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ \n if grep -Psq -- '^\\h*\\[Journal\\]' /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-\njournald.conf; then \n printf '%s\\n' \"\" \"Compress=yes\" >> /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/60-\njournald.conf \n else \n printf '%s\\n' \"\" \"[Jo...", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "9951a36fae8f05c556b8b57851586226", "name": "6.1.1.2.1 — Ensure systemd-journal-remote is installed", "description": "Ensure systemd-journal-remote is installed", "rational": "Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker \ngains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is \nstored on the local system. \nNote: This recommendation only applies if journald is the chosen method for \nclient side logging. Do not apply this recommendation if rsyslog is used.", "remediation": "Run the following command to install systemd-journal-remote: \n# apt install systemd-journal-remote", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "systemd-journal-remote", "selement": "EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "296cf1cfa1938994449a7c9a98620dc2", "name": "6.1.2.1 — Ensure rsyslog is installed", "description": "Ensure rsyslog is installed", "rational": "The security enhancements of rsyslog such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) \ntransmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log \ndata en route to a central logging server) justify installing and configuring the package.", "remediation": "Run the following command to install rsyslog: \n# apt install rsyslog", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "rsyslog", "selement": "EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "a8d7c643518f92f682f69ce28a107e31", "name": "6.1.2.2 — Ensure rsyslog service is enabled and active", "description": "Ensure rsyslog service is enabled and active", "rational": "If the rsyslog service is not enabled to start on boot, the system will not capture \nlogging events.", "remediation": "- IF - rsyslog is being used for logging on the system: \nRun the following commands to unmask, enable, and start rsyslog.service: \n# systemctl unmask rsyslog.service \n# systemctl enable rsyslog.service \n# systemctl start rsyslog.service", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "SERVICE", "input": "rsyslog", "selement": "ENABLED", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "dc112aa50ded7834fe1aa50b57222a01", "name": "6.3.1 — Ensure AIDE is installed", "description": "Ensure AIDE is installed", "rational": "By monitoring the filesystem state compromised files can be detected to prevent or limit \nthe exposure of accidental or malicious misconfigurations or modified binaries.", "remediation": "Install AIDE using the appropriate package manager or manual installation: \n# apt install aide aide-common \nConfigure AIDE as appropriate for your environment. Consult the AIDE documentation \nfor options. \nRun the following commands to initialize AIDE: \n# aideinit \n# mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new /var/lib/aide/aide.db", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "PACKAGE", "input": "aide", "selement": "EXISTS", "condition": "", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "369a18be5a4db2d2d16893706f950724", "name": "6.3.2 — Ensure filesystem integrity is regularly checked", "description": "Ensure filesystem integrity is regularly checked", "rational": "Periodic file checking allows the system administrator to determine on a regular basis if \ncritical files have been changed in an unauthorized fashion.", "remediation": "Run the following command to unmask dailyaidecheck.timer and \ndailyaidecheck.service: \n# systemctl unmask dailyaidecheck.timer dailyaidecheck.service \nRun the following command to enable and start dailyaidecheck.timer: \n# systemctl --now enable dailyaidecheck.timer", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "SERVICE", "input": "dailyaidecheck.timer", "selement": "ACTIVE", "condition": null, "sinput": null } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "9801fbd3081c6ffa796a87581d017cf5", "name": "7.1.1 — Ensure access to /etc/passwd is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/passwd is configured", "rational": "It is critical to ensure that the /etc/passwd file is protected from unauthorized write \naccess. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either \ninadvertently or through malicious actions.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group \non /etc/passwd: \n# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/passwd \n# chown root:root /etc/passwd", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/passwd", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "8489d181c675b2b5825550dd484264c0", "name": "7.1.2 — Ensure access to /etc/passwd- is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/passwd- is configured", "rational": "It is critical to ensure that the /etc/passwd- file is protected from unauthorized access. \nAlthough it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either \ninadvertently or through malicious actions.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group \non /etc/passwd-: \n# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/passwd- \n# chown root:root /etc/passwd-", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: { %g/ %G)' /etc/passwd-", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "e7dc66aad8564bc2a69cb69c1d4634f7", "name": "7.1.3 — Ensure access to /etc/group is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/group is configured", "rational": "The /etc/group file needs to be protected from unauthorized changes by non-\nprivileged users, but needs to be readable as this information is used with many non-\nprivileged programs.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group \non /etc/group: \n# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/group \n# chown root:root /etc/group", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/group", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "10b8a716fa50a7b89eacfeae398afe14", "name": "7.1.4 — Ensure access to /etc/group- is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/group- is configured", "rational": "It is critical to ensure that the /etc/group- file is protected from unauthorized access. \nAlthough it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either \ninadvertently or through malicious actions.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group \non /etc/group-: \n# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/group- \n# chown root:root /etc/group-", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/group-", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "8ed3c325e530eaee558040540bbc7fdd", "name": "7.1.5 — Ensure access to /etc/shadow is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/shadow is configured", "rational": "If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/shadow file, they can easily run a \npassword cracking program against the hashed password to break it. Other security \ninformation that is stored in the /etc/shadow file (such as expiration) could also be \nuseful to subvert the user accounts.", "remediation": "Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/shadow to root and \ngroup to either root or shadow: \n# chown root:shadow /etc/shadow \n -OR- \n# chown root:root /etc/shadow \nRun the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/shadow: \n# chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/shadow", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/shadow", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "6042205cfee12aef49dbc47377ffa47b", "name": "7.1.6 — Ensure access to /etc/shadow- is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/shadow- is configured", "rational": "It is critical to ensure that the /etc/shadow- file is protected from unauthorized access. \nAlthough it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either \ninadvertently or through malicious actions.", "remediation": "Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/shadow- to root and \ngroup to either root or shadow: \n# chown root:shadow /etc/shadow- \n -OR- \n# chown root:root /etc/shadow- \nRun the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/shadow-: \n# chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/shadow-", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/shadow-", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "939723710b65ac97407f868315875b4c", "name": "7.1.7 — Ensure access to /etc/gshadow is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/gshadow is configured", "rational": "If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/gshadow file, they can easily run a \npassword cracking program against the hashed password to break it. Other security \ninformation that is stored in the /etc/gshadow file (such as group administrators) could \nalso be useful to subvert the group.", "remediation": "Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/gshadow to root and \ngroup to either root or shadow: \n# chown root:shadow /etc/gshadow \n -OR- \n# chown root:root /etc/gshadow \nRun the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/gshadow: \n# chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/gshadow", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/gshadow", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "c02f399c9ee0c2fa812c9c409c11ebcd", "name": "7.1.8 — Ensure access to /etc/gshadow- is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/gshadow- is configured", "rational": "It is critical to ensure that the /etc/gshadow- file is protected from unauthorized \naccess. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either \ninadvertently or through malicious actions.", "remediation": "Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/gshadow- to root and \ngroup to either root or shadow: \n# chown root:shadow /etc/gshadow- \n -OR- \n# chown root:root /etc/gshadow- \nRun the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/gshadow-: \n# chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/gshadow-", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/gshadow-", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "99ff4e17acc3a4e91abb1b18576ea5bb", "name": "7.1.9 — Ensure access to /etc/shells is configured", "description": "Ensure access to /etc/shells is configured", "rational": "It is critical to ensure that the /etc/shells file is protected from unauthorized access. \nAlthough it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either \ninadvertently or through malicious actions.", "remediation": "Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group \non /etc/shells: \n# chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/shells \n# chown root:root /etc/shells", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "stat -Lc 'Access: (%#a/%A) Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: ( %g/ %G)' /etc/shells", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "2303212eb9369dc3de7882980c0889ed", "name": "7.2.4 — Ensure shadow group is empty", "description": "Ensure shadow group is empty", "rational": "Any users assigned to the shadow group would be granted read access to the \n/etc/shadow file. If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/shadow file, they can \neasily run a password cracking program against the hashed passwords to break them. \nOther security information that is stored in the /etc/shadow file (such as expiration) \ncould also be useful to subvert additional user accounts.", "remediation": "Run the following command to remove all users from the shadow group \n# sed -ri 's/(^shadow:[^:]*:[^:]*:)([^:]+$)/\\1/' /etc/group \nChange the primary group of any users with shadow as their primary group. \n# usermod -g ", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "awk -F: '($1==\"shadow\") {print $NF}' /etc/group", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "f6b8cd472dbdc57fc09aa967d8d2d37d", "name": "7.2.5 — Ensure no duplicate UIDs exist", "description": "Ensure no duplicate UIDs exist", "rational": "Users must be assigned unique UIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate \naccess protections. \nSatisfies: SRG-OS-000104-GPOS-00051, SRG-OS-000121-GPOS-00062, SRG-OS-\n000042-GPOS-00020", "remediation": "Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique UIDs and review all files owned \nby the shared UIDs to determine which UID they are supposed to belong to.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "8b0d33003788b3897dc72308becbf406", "name": "7.2.6 — Ensure no duplicate GIDs exist", "description": "Ensure no duplicate GIDs exist", "rational": "User groups must be assigned unique GIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate \naccess protections.", "remediation": "Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique GIDs and review all files \nowned by the shared GID to determine which group they are supposed to belong to.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "7eec8af1ecf059c458451f0a5e684abd", "name": "7.2.7 — Ensure no duplicate user names exist", "description": "Ensure no duplicate user names exist", "rational": "If a user is assigned a duplicate user name, it will create and have access to files with \nthe first UID for that username in /etc/passwd . For example, if \"test4\" has a UID of \n1000 and a subsequent \"test4\" entry has a UID of 2000, logging in as \"test4\" will use \nUID 1000. Effectively, the UID is shared, which is a security problem.", "remediation": "Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique user names for the users. File \nownerships will automatically reflect the change as long as the users have unique UIDs.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] }, { "external_id": "357ade9713a85c05c559612bb5971017", "name": "7.2.8 — Ensure no duplicate group names exist", "description": "Ensure no duplicate group names exist", "rational": "If a group is assigned a duplicate group name, it will create and have access to files \nwith the first GID for that group in /etc/group . Effectively, the GID is shared, which is \na security problem.", "remediation": "Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique names for the user groups. File \ngroup ownerships will automatically reflect the change as long as the groups have \nunique GIDs.", "severity": "Medium", "filter": null, "app_filter": null, "conditions": [ { "type": "condition", "element": "CMD", "input": "!/usr/bin/env bash", "selement": "OUTPUT", "condition": "NOT EQUALS", "sinput": "" } ], "applicability": [ { "type": "applicability", "element": "OS", "input": "", "selement": "CONTENT", "condition": "CONTAINS", "sinput": "Debian" } ] } ] }